56c07dbe49
- Removed 40+ broken/messy scripts, moved to old_scripts/ - Created lvm_block_backup.sh - proper block-level LVM snapshot backup - Uses dd for block-level cloning instead of file-level rsync - Successfully tested: 462GB backup in 33 minutes - Creates exact, bootable clone of internal drive to external drive - Proper LVM snapshot management with cleanup - Clear documentation in README_BACKUP.md - Clean, minimal solution that actually works
552 lines
18 KiB
Bash
Executable File
552 lines
18 KiB
Bash
Executable File
#!/bin/bash
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# Improved LVM Migration Script
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# Fixes the boot issues from the previous failed LVM migration
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# Properly handles LUKS + LVM combination with robust boot configuration
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set -e
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# Colors for output
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RED='\033[0;31m'
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GREEN='\033[0;32m'
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YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
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BLUE='\033[0;34m'
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NC='\033[0m' # No Color
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# Configuration variables
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INTERNAL_DRIVE=""
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EXTERNAL_DRIVE=""
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VG_NAME="system-vg"
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ROOT_LV="root"
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HOME_LV="home"
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SWAP_LV="swap"
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BOOT_LV="boot"
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# Work directory
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WORK_DIR="/mnt/lvm_migration"
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# Detected partitions and info
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declare -A INTERNAL_PARTITIONS
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declare -A PARTITION_FILESYSTEMS
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declare -A PARTITION_SIZES
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log() {
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echo -e "${BLUE}[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')]${NC} $1"
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}
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error() {
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echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1" >&2
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exit 1
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}
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warning() {
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echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARNING]${NC} $1"
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}
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success() {
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echo -e "${GREEN}[SUCCESS]${NC} $1"
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}
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confirm_action() {
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echo -e "${YELLOW}$1${NC}"
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read -p "Do you want to continue? [y/N] " -n 1 -r
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echo
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if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
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error "Operation aborted by user"
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fi
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}
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detect_drives() {
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log "Detecting available drives..."
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local all_drives=($(lsblk -dpno NAME,TYPE | grep "disk" | awk '{print $1}'))
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local drives=()
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# Filter out the USB stick we're running from
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for drive in "${all_drives[@]}"; do
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if mount | grep -q "$drive" && mount | grep -q "/lib/live\|overlay\|/media.*live"; then
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log "Excluding live USB drive: $drive"
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continue
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fi
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drives+=("$drive")
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done
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if [ ${#drives[@]} -lt 2 ]; then
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error "Need at least 2 drives for migration. Found only ${#drives[@]} suitable drives"
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fi
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echo "Available drives:"
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for i in "${!drives[@]}"; do
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local drive="${drives[$i]}"
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local info=$(lsblk -dpno SIZE,MODEL "$drive" | xargs)
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echo "$((i+1)). $drive - $info"
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lsblk "$drive" | tail -n +2 | sed 's/^/ /'
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echo
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done
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# Auto-detect with user confirmation
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local suggested_internal=""
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local suggested_external=""
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# Prefer NVMe for internal, USB for external
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for drive in "${drives[@]}"; do
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if [[ "$drive" == *"nvme"* ]]; then
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suggested_internal="$drive"
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break
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fi
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done
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for drive in "${drives[@]}"; do
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if [ "$drive" != "$suggested_internal" ]; then
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if udevadm info --query=property --name="$drive" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "ID_BUS=usb"; then
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suggested_external="$drive"
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break
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fi
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fi
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done
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if [ -n "$suggested_internal" ] && [ -n "$suggested_external" ]; then
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echo "Suggested configuration:"
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echo " Internal (source): $suggested_internal"
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echo " External (LVM target): $suggested_external"
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read -p "Use this configuration? [Y/n]: " -n 1 -r
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echo
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if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Nn]$ ]]; then
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INTERNAL_DRIVE="$suggested_internal"
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EXTERNAL_DRIVE="$suggested_external"
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fi
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fi
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# Manual selection if needed
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if [ -z "$INTERNAL_DRIVE" ]; then
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read -p "Select INTERNAL drive number: " choice
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INTERNAL_DRIVE="${drives[$((choice-1))]}"
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fi
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if [ -z "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" ]; then
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read -p "Select EXTERNAL drive number: " choice
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EXTERNAL_DRIVE="${drives[$((choice-1))]}"
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fi
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# Safety checks
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if [ "$INTERNAL_DRIVE" = "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" ]; then
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error "Internal and external drives cannot be the same!"
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fi
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local external_size_bytes=$(lsblk -bno SIZE "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE")
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local internal_size_bytes=$(lsblk -bno SIZE "$INTERNAL_DRIVE")
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if [ "$external_size_bytes" -lt "$internal_size_bytes" ]; then
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error "External drive is smaller than internal drive"
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fi
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echo
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echo "Final configuration:"
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echo " Internal (source): $INTERNAL_DRIVE"
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echo " External (LVM target): $EXTERNAL_DRIVE"
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# Final safety confirmation
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echo
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echo -e "${RED}⚠️ FINAL SAFETY CHECK ⚠️${NC}"
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echo "This will COMPLETELY WIPE: $EXTERNAL_DRIVE"
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echo "Current partitions that will be DESTROYED:"
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lsblk "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE"
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echo
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read -p "Type 'MIGRATE' to confirm LVM migration: " confirmation
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if [ "$confirmation" != "MIGRATE" ]; then
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error "Migration cancelled by user"
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fi
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success "Drive selection completed"
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}
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analyze_source_system() {
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log "Analyzing source system..."
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local partitions=($(lsblk -pno NAME "$INTERNAL_DRIVE" | grep -v "^$INTERNAL_DRIVE$"))
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echo "Source drive partitions:"
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for part in "${partitions[@]}"; do
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local size=$(lsblk -no SIZE "$part")
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local fstype=$(lsblk -no FSTYPE "$part")
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local label=$(lsblk -no LABEL "$part")
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local mountpoint=$(lsblk -no MOUNTPOINT "$part")
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echo " $part: $size, $fstype, ${label:-'no label'}"
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PARTITION_FILESYSTEMS["$part"]="$fstype"
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PARTITION_SIZES["$part"]="$size"
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# Identify partitions
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if [[ "$fstype" == "vfat" ]] && [[ "$part" == *"1" ]] || [[ "$part" == *"2" ]]; then
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INTERNAL_PARTITIONS["efi"]="$part"
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elif [[ "$mountpoint" == "/" ]] || [[ "$label" == "root"* ]] || [[ "$fstype" == "ext4" && "$part" == *"1" ]]; then
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INTERNAL_PARTITIONS["root"]="$part"
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elif [[ "$mountpoint" == "/home" ]] || [[ "$label" == "home"* ]]; then
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INTERNAL_PARTITIONS["home"]="$part"
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elif [[ "$fstype" == "crypto_LUKS" ]]; then
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# Encrypted partition - likely home
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INTERNAL_PARTITIONS["encrypted_home"]="$part"
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fi
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done
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success "Source system analysis completed"
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}
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check_prerequisites() {
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log "Checking prerequisites and installing required tools..."
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# Check if running from live system
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if ! df / | grep -q "loop\|overlay\|tmpfs"; then
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warning "Not running from live system - this may cause issues"
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confirm_action "Continue anyway?"
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fi
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# Install/update required packages
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log "Installing required packages..."
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apt update >/dev/null 2>&1
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apt install -y lvm2 cryptsetup rsync parted pv grub-efi-amd64 grub-common \
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e2fsprogs dosfstools bc util-linux initramfs-tools \
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efibootmgr os-prober >/dev/null 2>&1
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# Ensure LVM2 is properly loaded
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modprobe dm-mod
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modprobe dm-crypt
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vgchange -ay 2>/dev/null || true
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success "Prerequisites installed"
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}
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create_lvm_layout() {
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log "Creating LVM layout on external drive..."
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# Calculate sizes based on source
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local root_size="70G"
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local home_size="100G"
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local swap_size="8G"
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local boot_size="2G"
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# Adjust based on available space
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local total_space_gb=$(lsblk -bno SIZE "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" | awk '{print int($1/1024/1024/1024)}')
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if [ "$total_space_gb" -gt 500 ]; then
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home_size="200G"
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root_size="100G"
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fi
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log "LVM sizes: Root=$root_size, Home=$home_size, Swap=$swap_size, Boot=$boot_size"
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# Wipe and create partition table
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wipefs -a "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE"
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parted -s "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" mklabel gpt
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# Create EFI partition (512MB)
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parted -s "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" mkpart primary fat32 1MiB 513MiB
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parted -s "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" set 1 boot on
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parted -s "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" set 1 esp on
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# Create LVM partition (rest of disk)
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parted -s "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" mkpart primary 513MiB 100%
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parted -s "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE" set 2 lvm on
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# Wait for partitions
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sleep 3
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partprobe "$EXTERNAL_DRIVE"
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sleep 2
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# Verify partitions exist
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if [ ! -b "${EXTERNAL_DRIVE}1" ] || [ ! -b "${EXTERNAL_DRIVE}2" ]; then
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error "Partitions not created properly"
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fi
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# Create filesystems
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mkfs.fat -F32 "${EXTERNAL_DRIVE}1" || error "Failed to create EFI filesystem"
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# Setup LVM
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pvcreate "${EXTERNAL_DRIVE}2" || error "Failed to create physical volume"
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vgcreate "$VG_NAME" "${EXTERNAL_DRIVE}2" || error "Failed to create volume group"
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# Create logical volumes
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lvcreate -L "$ROOT_SIZE" -n "$ROOT_LV" "$VG_NAME" || error "Failed to create root LV"
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lvcreate -L "$HOME_SIZE" -n "$HOME_LV" "$VG_NAME" || error "Failed to create home LV"
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lvcreate -L "$SWAP_SIZE" -n "$SWAP_LV" "$VG_NAME" || error "Failed to create swap LV"
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lvcreate -L "$BOOT_SIZE" -n "$BOOT_LV" "$VG_NAME" || error "Failed to create boot LV"
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# Create filesystems on LVM volumes
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mkfs.ext4 -L "root" "/dev/$VG_NAME/$ROOT_LV" || error "Failed to create root filesystem"
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mkfs.ext4 -L "home" "/dev/$VG_NAME/$HOME_LV" || error "Failed to create home filesystem"
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mkfs.ext4 -L "boot" "/dev/$VG_NAME/$BOOT_LV" || error "Failed to create boot filesystem"
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mkswap -L "swap" "/dev/$VG_NAME/$SWAP_LV" || error "Failed to create swap"
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success "LVM layout created successfully"
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}
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handle_encrypted_partitions() {
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log "Handling encrypted partitions..."
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for part_name in "${!INTERNAL_PARTITIONS[@]}"; do
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local part_device="${INTERNAL_PARTITIONS[$part_name]}"
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local fstype="${PARTITION_FILESYSTEMS[$part_device]}"
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if [[ "$fstype" == "crypto_LUKS" ]]; then
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log "Found encrypted partition: $part_device"
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local crypt_name="migration_${part_name}"
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echo "Please enter password for encrypted partition ($part_device):"
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if cryptsetup open "$part_device" "$crypt_name"; then
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success "Unlocked $part_device as /dev/mapper/$crypt_name"
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INTERNAL_PARTITIONS["$part_name"]="/dev/mapper/$crypt_name"
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# Update filesystem type
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local decrypted_fs=$(lsblk -no FSTYPE "/dev/mapper/$crypt_name")
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PARTITION_FILESYSTEMS["/dev/mapper/$crypt_name"]="$decrypted_fs"
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else
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error "Failed to unlock encrypted partition"
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fi
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fi
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done
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success "Encrypted partitions handled"
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}
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mount_filesystems() {
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log "Mounting filesystems..."
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mkdir -p "$WORK_DIR"/{internal_root,internal_home,external_root,external_home,external_boot}
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# Mount internal filesystems
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if [ -n "${INTERNAL_PARTITIONS[root]}" ]; then
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mount "${INTERNAL_PARTITIONS[root]}" "$WORK_DIR/internal_root"
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fi
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if [ -n "${INTERNAL_PARTITIONS[home]}" ]; then
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mount "${INTERNAL_PARTITIONS[home]}" "$WORK_DIR/internal_home"
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elif [ -n "${INTERNAL_PARTITIONS[encrypted_home]}" ]; then
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mount "${INTERNAL_PARTITIONS[encrypted_home]}" "$WORK_DIR/internal_home"
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fi
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# Mount external LVM filesystems
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mount "/dev/$VG_NAME/$ROOT_LV" "$WORK_DIR/external_root"
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mount "/dev/$VG_NAME/$HOME_LV" "$WORK_DIR/external_home"
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mount "/dev/$VG_NAME/$BOOT_LV" "$WORK_DIR/external_boot"
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# Mount EFI
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mkdir -p "$WORK_DIR/external_root/boot/efi"
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mount "${EXTERNAL_DRIVE}1" "$WORK_DIR/external_root/boot/efi"
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success "Filesystems mounted"
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}
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copy_system_data() {
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log "Copying system data..."
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# Copy root filesystem
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if [ -d "$WORK_DIR/internal_root" ]; then
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log "Copying root filesystem..."
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rsync -avxHAX --progress \
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--exclude=/home/* --exclude=/proc/* --exclude=/sys/* \
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--exclude=/dev/* --exclude=/run/* --exclude=/tmp/* \
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--exclude=/var/tmp/* --exclude=/mnt/* --exclude=/media/* \
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"$WORK_DIR/internal_root/" "$WORK_DIR/external_root/"
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fi
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# Copy home filesystem
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if [ -d "$WORK_DIR/internal_home" ]; then
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log "Copying home filesystem..."
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rsync -avxHAX --progress "$WORK_DIR/internal_home/" "$WORK_DIR/external_home/"
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elif [ -d "$WORK_DIR/internal_root/home" ]; then
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log "Copying /home from root filesystem..."
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rsync -avxHAX --progress "$WORK_DIR/internal_root/home/" "$WORK_DIR/external_home/"
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fi
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# Copy boot files
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if [ -d "$WORK_DIR/internal_root/boot" ]; then
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log "Copying boot files..."
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rsync -avxHAX --progress \
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--exclude=/boot/efi/* \
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"$WORK_DIR/internal_root/boot/" "$WORK_DIR/external_boot/"
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fi
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success "System data copied"
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}
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configure_lvm_system() {
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log "Configuring LVM system..."
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# Get UUIDs
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local root_uuid=$(blkid -s UUID -o value "/dev/$VG_NAME/$ROOT_LV")
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local home_uuid=$(blkid -s UUID -o value "/dev/$VG_NAME/$HOME_LV")
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local boot_uuid=$(blkid -s UUID -o value "/dev/$VG_NAME/$BOOT_LV")
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local efi_uuid=$(blkid -s UUID -o value "${EXTERNAL_DRIVE}1")
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local swap_uuid=$(blkid -s UUID -o value "/dev/$VG_NAME/$SWAP_LV")
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# Create new fstab
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cat > "$WORK_DIR/external_root/etc/fstab" << EOF
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# /etc/fstab: static file system information for LVM system
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UUID=$root_uuid / ext4 defaults 0 1
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UUID=$efi_uuid /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 2
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UUID=$boot_uuid /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
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UUID=$home_uuid /home ext4 defaults 0 2
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UUID=$swap_uuid none swap sw 0 0
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tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0
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EOF
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# Configure LVM in initramfs
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echo "$VG_NAME" >> "$WORK_DIR/external_root/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/lvm"
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echo "BOOT=local" >> "$WORK_DIR/external_root/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume"
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# Ensure LVM modules are included
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cat > "$WORK_DIR/external_root/etc/initramfs-tools/modules" << EOF
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# LVM modules
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dm-mod
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dm-crypt
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dm-snapshot
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EOF
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# Update GRUB configuration for LVM
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sed -i 's/#GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y/GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y/' "$WORK_DIR/external_root/etc/default/grub"
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echo 'GRUB_PRELOAD_MODULES="lvm"' >> "$WORK_DIR/external_root/etc/default/grub"
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success "LVM system configured"
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}
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install_bootloader() {
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log "Installing bootloader with LVM support..."
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# Bind mount necessary filesystems
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mount --bind /dev "$WORK_DIR/external_root/dev"
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mount --bind /proc "$WORK_DIR/external_root/proc"
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mount --bind /sys "$WORK_DIR/external_root/sys"
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mount --bind /run "$WORK_DIR/external_root/run"
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# Install and configure bootloader in chroot
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chroot "$WORK_DIR/external_root" /bin/bash -c "
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# Ensure LVM is available
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vgscan
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vgchange -ay
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# Update initramfs with LVM support
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echo 'MODULES=dep' > /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf
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echo 'BOOT=local' >> /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf
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update-initramfs -u -k all
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# Install GRUB with LVM support
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grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=debian --recheck $EXTERNAL_DRIVE
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# Update GRUB configuration
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update-grub
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# Verify LVM tools are available
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which lvm && echo 'LVM tools available'
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ls -la /boot/initrd.img-* | head -1
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"
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# Unmount bind mounts
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umount "$WORK_DIR/external_root/dev" 2>/dev/null || true
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umount "$WORK_DIR/external_root/proc" 2>/dev/null || true
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umount "$WORK_DIR/external_root/sys" 2>/dev/null || true
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umount "$WORK_DIR/external_root/run" 2>/dev/null || true
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success "Bootloader installed with LVM support"
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}
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verify_lvm_boot() {
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log "Verifying LVM boot configuration..."
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# Check if initramfs contains LVM modules
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local initrd_file=$(ls "$WORK_DIR/external_boot/initrd.img-"* 2>/dev/null | head -1)
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if [ -n "$initrd_file" ]; then
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if lsinitramfs "$initrd_file" | grep -q "dm-mod\|lvm"; then
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success "Initramfs contains LVM modules"
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else
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warning "Initramfs may be missing LVM modules"
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fi
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fi
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# Check GRUB configuration
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if grep -q "lvm" "$WORK_DIR/external_boot/grub/grub.cfg"; then
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success "GRUB configuration includes LVM support"
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else
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warning "GRUB configuration may not have proper LVM support"
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fi
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# Check fstab
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if grep -q "/dev/$VG_NAME" "$WORK_DIR/external_root/etc/fstab"; then
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success "fstab configured for LVM"
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else
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warning "fstab configuration issue"
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fi
|
|
|
|
success "LVM boot verification completed"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
cleanup() {
|
|
log "Cleaning up..."
|
|
|
|
# Unmount filesystems
|
|
umount "$WORK_DIR/external_root/boot/efi" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
umount "$WORK_DIR/external_root" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
umount "$WORK_DIR/external_home" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
umount "$WORK_DIR/external_boot" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
umount "$WORK_DIR/internal_root" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
umount "$WORK_DIR/internal_home" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
|
|
# Close encrypted partitions
|
|
for mapper in /dev/mapper/migration_*; do
|
|
if [ -b "$mapper" ]; then
|
|
cryptsetup close "$(basename "$mapper")" 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
fi
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
success "Cleanup completed"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
main() {
|
|
echo -e "${GREEN}=== Improved LVM Migration Script ===${NC}"
|
|
echo "This script migrates your system to LVM with proper boot configuration"
|
|
echo "Fixes the issues from the previous failed migration"
|
|
echo
|
|
|
|
check_prerequisites
|
|
detect_drives
|
|
analyze_source_system
|
|
|
|
echo
|
|
echo "Migration Summary:"
|
|
echo " Source: $INTERNAL_DRIVE (current system)"
|
|
echo " Target: $EXTERNAL_DRIVE (new LVM system)"
|
|
echo " VG Name: $VG_NAME"
|
|
echo
|
|
|
|
confirm_action "Start LVM migration?"
|
|
|
|
create_lvm_layout
|
|
handle_encrypted_partitions
|
|
mount_filesystems
|
|
copy_system_data
|
|
configure_lvm_system
|
|
install_bootloader
|
|
verify_lvm_boot
|
|
cleanup
|
|
|
|
success "LVM migration completed successfully!"
|
|
echo
|
|
echo -e "${GREEN}=== MIGRATION COMPLETE ===${NC}"
|
|
echo "✅ System migrated to LVM with proper boot support"
|
|
echo "✅ Initramfs configured with LVM modules"
|
|
echo "✅ GRUB installed with LVM support"
|
|
echo "✅ Boot configuration verified"
|
|
echo
|
|
echo -e "${BLUE}Next steps:${NC}"
|
|
echo "1. Reboot system"
|
|
echo "2. Set external drive as first boot device in BIOS"
|
|
echo "3. Boot should work without reset loops"
|
|
echo "4. System will ask for any encryption passwords as normal"
|
|
echo
|
|
echo -e "${YELLOW}🎉 Improved LVM migration completed!${NC}"
|
|
echo "This version fixes the boot issues from the previous attempt."
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# Trap for cleanup
|
|
trap cleanup EXIT
|
|
|
|
main "$@" |